д.м.н., проф., первый проректор, зав. кафедрой оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией Воронежской государственной медицинской академии им. Н.Н. Бурденко;
д.м.н., проф., директор НИИ института герниологии, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии Воронежской государственной медицинской академии им. Н.Н. Бурденко;
аспирант кафедры оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией Воронежской государственной медицинской академии им. Н.Н. Бурденко.
Relevance In a Herniology prediction problem of inguinal hernias is still actual. For many decades studying of prerequisites of emergence of inguinal hernias is conducted. However, not enough attention is drawn to the typical characteristics of a person and surgical anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. The purpose of the study To study sexual, age and sample features of a structure of an inguinal gap. Materials and methods Work done on the 123 floating corpses of both sexes. Has been determined by body type, shape of the abdomen and the form of inguinal gap. Also measured the length of the inguinal gap, its angles, the thickness of the abdominal muscles. Performed histological examination of biopsy specimens of the internal oblique abdominal muscles. Results and their discussion Has been concretized the structure of inguinal gap depending on its shape. Noted that the frequency of the triangular shape of the inguinal gap over the last three decades has increased from 5.3 to 20.8 % for men and from 0% to 12.5% - women. Proved that with age inguinal gap increases, crescent aponeurosis narrows, and the thickness of the muscle decreases. In the structure of muscle fiber degeneration occurs, the disorganization of the extracellular matrix and venous stasis with perifocal edema. Studied typical features of the structure of inguinal gap. Determined that the triangular shape of the inguinal gap often observed at persons with brachymorphic body type. Oval-transitional form of inguinal gap was typical for persons with dolihomorphic and slotted-oval – for persons with mesomorphic body type. At the male shape of the abdomen all forms of inguinal gap observed equally often. At the persons with the female shape of the abdomen prevailed slotted-oval and oval forms of inguinal gap, the triangular shape was observed in only 8.3%. At the oval shape of the abdomen was noted in half of the cases oval - transitional form of inguinal gap. Conclusion Identify new patterns in the structure of the inguinal gap, which can be used in clinical practice for predicting the occurrence of inguinal hernias. Key words Inguinal gap, variant anatomy, body type, shape of the abdomen