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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-478X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-143X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1517</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2070-478X-2021-14-4-316-324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review of literature</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epigenetic Markers of Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Data Analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпигенетические маркеры колоректального рака: анализ данных о клиническом применении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-9431</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5557-6327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagryantsev</surname><given-names>Maxim Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багрянцев</surname><given-names>Максим Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры общей, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p></bio><email>maks-bagryancev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-1399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylenko</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav Mikhailovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры онкологии, доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>lesamoylenko@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-190X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2037-1750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabkov</surname><given-names>Maxim Georgievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябков</surname><given-names>Максим Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, научный консультант хирургического отделения</p></bio><email>maxim-ryabkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-4191</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6889-5619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazaev</surname><given-names>Andrey Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базаев</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Surgery, professor, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий кафедрой общей, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p></bio><email>official@semashko.nnov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-8686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Desortsev</surname><given-names>Ilya Lvovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дезорцев</surname><given-names>Илья Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Proctology Department, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделением проктологии, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>dezortsev-il@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-6215</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3752-6702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bunova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Sergeevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бунова</surname><given-names>Светлана Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>professor of the Department of Family Medicine, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор кафедры семейной медицины, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p></bio><email>ssbunova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-1856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batanov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Andreevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батанов</surname><given-names>Михаил Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>residency</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатура</p></bio><email>mihailbatanov69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-417X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1803-0681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Elena Borisovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Елена Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory of Optical Coherence Tomography, PhD.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник лаборатории оптическойкогерентной томографии НИИ ЭО БМТ ПИМУ, кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>kiseleva84@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky» Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Nizhny Novgorod Region «Regional Clinic Hospital named after N.A. Semashko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НО «НОКБ им. Н.А. Семашко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Belgorod National Research University»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>316</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1517">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1517</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>was to systematize the results of clinical application of epigenetic biomarkers "microRNA" and "DNA methylation" in early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Data review was conducted by the keywords "colorectal cancer" with "miRNA" or "methylation" in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, ELECTRONIC LIBRARY and was limited by the period 2016-2021. In addition, a manual search for articles in peer-reviewed journals was performed. Exclusion criteria were: description of separate clinical cases; books and documents; experimental oncology in laboratory animals, comparison of therapeutic results of patients receiving chemotherapy. Out of 139 initially identified, 37 sources were included in the final analysis, of which 20 meta-analyzes, 1 randomized clinical trial, 14 systematic reviews and 2 practical guidelines.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Based on the analysis of clinical data, it has been established that the optimal environment for miR isolation for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is the intestinal wall, furthermore, miR-139 has a proven diagnostic value. At the later stages of tumor development, fecal miRs, namely miR-21, can also be used as a screening method. MiR-181a, miR-181b, miR-20a, miR-10b and miR-145 are highly sensitive predictors of overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. They can potentially be considered as prognostic biomarkers and as decisions when administering adjuvant chemotherapy. miR21, miR106a, miR143, miR 150 and miR215 are most commonly used in clinical practice to determine the prognosis of treatment. Tumor and paratumor tissues can also be differentiated from the normal colon tissue in a healthy person by methylation of the SFRP2, SFRP1, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, SPG20, BMP3 and NDRG4, SFRP1, 2, 4, 5, hMLH1 and RASSF1A genes. The analysis of methylated SEPT9 genes is the most informative of them: an increased weight of the mitylated SEPT9 gene directly correlates with progression and low tumor differentiation in patients with colorectal cancer.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Literature data confirm that changes in the concentration of microRNA and methylated DNA in the environments of the human body correlate with the risk of oncogenesis, progression and invasion of colorectal cancer. It is reasonable to use a diagnostic algorithm differentiated by the analyzed tissues (blood, intestinal tissue, feces, urine), the expected stage of tumor development, diagnostic tasks (screening, survival prognosis) for the effective use of epigenetic markers of colorectal cancer in the clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель: </bold>систематизировать данные о результатах клинического применения эпигенетических биомаркеров «микроРНК» и «метилирование ДНК» в ранней диагностике и прогнозе у пациентов с колоректальным раком.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы (стратегия поиска):</bold> Обзор данных в PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY проведен по ключевым словам «colorectal cancer» с «miRNA» или с «methylation» и ограничен периодом 2016-2021 гг. Кроме того проведен ручной поиск статей в журналах. Критерии исключения из анализа: описание отдельных клинических случаев; книги и документы; экспериментальная онкология на лабораторных животных, сравнение результатов лечения пациентов, получающих химиотерапевтическое лечение. В итоговый анализ из 139 первично выявленных включены 37 источников, из которых 20 метаанализов, 1 рандомизированное клиническое исследование, 14 систематических обзоров и 2 практических рекомендаций.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>На основании анализа клинических данных установлено, что оптимальная среда для выделения miR с целью ранней диагностики колоректального рака – стенка кишечника, при этом доказанную диагностическую ценность имеют miR-139. На поздних стадиях развития опухоли методом скрининга могут быть и фекальные miR, а именно – miR-21. MiR-181a, miR-181b, miR-20a, miR-10b и miR-145 – высокочувствительный инструмент прогнозирования общей выживаемости у пациентов с колоректальным раком. Потенциально они могут рассматриваться как биомаркеры прогноза и как критерии принятия решения о назначении адъювантной химиотерапии. Для определения прогноза лечения чаще всего в клинике применяют miR21, miR106a, miR143, miR 150 и miR215. Опухолевую ткань и ткань, расположенную рядом с ней, так же можно отличить от нормальной ткани толстой кишки у здорового человека по метилированию генов SFRP2, SFRP1, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, SPG20, BMP3 и NDRG4, SFRP1, 2, 4, 5, hMLH1 и RASSF1A. Среди них наиболее информативен анализ метилированных генов SEPT9: увеличение содержания митилированного гена SEPT9 прямо коррелирует с прогрессированием и низкой дифференцировкой опухоли у пациентов с колоректальным раком.</p> <p><bold>Заключение: </bold>Литературные данные подтверждают, что изменение концентрации микроРНК и метилированной ДНК у человека коррелирует с риском онкогенеза, прогрессирования и инвазии колоректального рака. Для наиболее эффективного применения эпигенетических маркеров колоректального рака в клинике целесообразен диагностический алгоритм, дифференцированный по анализируемым тканям (кровь, ткань кишки, кал, моча), предполагаемой стадии развития опухоли, задач диагностики (скрининг, прогноз выживания).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Fedyanin M. Yu., Artamonova E. V., Barsukov Yu. A., et al. Рractical recommendations for the drug treatment of rectal cancer. doi: 10.18027 / 2224-5057-2020-10-3s2-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1. Федянин М. Ю., Артамонова Е. В., Барсуков Ю. 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