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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-478X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-143X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1743</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2070-478X-2023-16-3-212-221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immediate and delayed complications of transarterial chemoembolization with drug-saturable microspheres in unresectable liver tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ближайшие и отсроченные осложнения трансартериальной химиоэмболизации лекарственно насыщаемыми микросферами при нерезектабельных опухолях печени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-9455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvezdkina</surname><given-names>Elena Aleksandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звездкина</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Researcher at the Department of Ambulatory Laser Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения амбулаторной лазерной медицины</p></bio><email>zvezdkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-9376</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3184-9760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kedrova</surname><given-names>Anna Genrikhovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кедрова</surname><given-names>Анна Генриховна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Head of the Department of Oncology; chief oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии; заведующая отделением онкологии; главный онколог </p></bio><email>kedrova.anna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-3127</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4770-5722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Dmitry Petrovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor for X-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач по рентгеноэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению</p></bio><email>lebedevdp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-4392</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4316-4651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenkov</surname><given-names>Dmiry Nikolaevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией минимально инвазивной хирургии</p></bio><email>dnpanchenkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-944X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6203-5870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Аstakhov</surname><given-names>Dmitry Anatolievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>astakhovd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-4963</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1288-6141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Yulia Aleksandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor, Scientific Secretary</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, ученый секретарь</p></bio><email>stepanovaua@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center for Laser Medicine of Federal Medical and Biology Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научно-практический центр лазерной медицины им. О.К. Скобелкина Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical and Biology Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия постдипломного образования федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения федерального научно-клинического центра  Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center for Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А. В. Вишневского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1743">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1743</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Backgraund: For many years of world experience in the use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on liver tumors, data have appeared on immediate and delayed complications, which, however, represent a description of clinical observations or literature reviews compiled on their basis. There are currently no systematic studies that study the timing of complications and risk factors.Aims: to evaluate immediate and delayed complications of transarterial chemoembolization with drug-saturable microspheres in the treatment of unresectable malignant liver tumors.Materials and methods: A retrospective observational uncontrolled study that included 75 patients with unresectable liver disease (65 patients with metastases, 10 patients with primary malignant tumors) who underwent 102 transarterial chemoembolizations with drug-saturable microspheres. The antitumor effect of TACE was assessed according to abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging of the hepatobiliary zone (MRI) with intravenous contrast, performed within a limited time frame: no later than 2 weeks before (control 0), after 8–9 weeks (control 1) and 16–17 weeks after TACE (control 2). In the event of complications, diagnostic studies were performed as clinically necessary.Results: 3 patients developed lesions of the biliary tree. The process began on days 2–11 after TACE with dilatation of the bile ducts in single segments; changes in 2–3 weeks took on a bilobar character, leading to the formation of bilomas (2 patients) and necrosis of the periductal liver parenchyma (1 patient). Before TACE, all three patients underwent bile duct stenting due to existing biliary hypertension. Two patients developed pancreatitis 1–2 weeks after TACE; at the same time, there were no features of vascular anatomy, non-target embolization. In 17 patients after 2-4 months after TACE according to CT and MRI, the phenomena of cholecystitis were noted. The changes were asymptomatic, leading to the formation of small stones in the gallbladder lumen after 6–10 months.Conclusions: The immediate complications of TACE with drug-saturated microspheres (1-3%) in the treatment of unresectable liver tumors are associated with the pathology of the bile ducts and pancreas, appear in the first month, have a staging, affect the somatic condition of patients and require specific treatment. Long-term complications (23%) are associated with the reaction of the gallbladder, develop after a few months, while they are asymptomatic and do not require correction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование: за многолетний мировой опыт применения трансартериальной химиоэмболизации (ТАХЭ) на опухолях печени появились данные о ближайших и отсроченных осложнениях, которые, однако, представляют собой описание клинических наблюдений или составленных на их основе литературных обзоров. Систематизированные исследования, изучающие сроки возникновения осложнений и факторы риска, на текущий момент отсутствуют. Цель: оценить ближайшие и отсроченные осложнения трансартериальной химиоэмболизации лекарственно насыщаемыми микросферами при лечении нерезектабельных злокачественных опухолей печени.Методы: Ретроспективное наблюдательное неконтролируемое исследование, включившее 75 пациентов с нерезектабельным поражением печени (65 пациентов с метастазами, 10 пациентов с первичными злокачественными опухолями), которым было выполнено 102 операции трансартериальной химиоэмболизации лекарственно насыщаемыми микросферами. Противоопухолевый эффект ТАХЭ оценивался по данным компьютерной томографии брюшной полости (КТ) и магнитно–резонансной томографии гепатобилиарной зоны (МРТ) с внутривенным контрастированием, выполняющихся в лимитированные сроки: не позднее 2 недель до (контроль 0), через 8–9 недель (контроль 1) и 16–17 недель после ТАХЭ (контроль 2). При возникновении осложнений диагностические исследования проводились по мере клинической необходимости.Результаты: у 3 пациентов развилось поражение билиарного дерева. Процесс начался на 2–11 сутки после ТАХЭ с дилятации желчных протоков в единичных сегментах; изменения за 2–3 недели приняли билобарный характер, приведя к формированию билом (2 пациента) и некрозу перидуктальной паренхимы печени (1 пациент). Всем трем пациентам до ТАХЭ выполнялось стентирование желчных протоков из–за имеющейся билиарной гипертензии. У 2 пациентов развился панкреатит через 1–2 недели после ТАХЭ; при этом особенностей сосудистой анатомии, нецелевой эмболизации не отмечалось. У 17 пациентов через 2–4 мес. после ТАХЭ по данным КТ и МРТ отмечались явления холецистита. Изменения были бессимптомны, приводя к формированию мелких конкрементов в просвете желчного пузыря через 6–10 мес.Заключение: Ближайшие осложнения ТАХЭ лекарственно насыщаемыми микросферами (1–3%) при лечении нерезектабельных опухолей печени связаны с патологией желчных протоков и поджелудочной железы, проявляются в первый месяц, имеют стадийность, влияют на соматическое состояние пациентов и требуют специфического лечения. Отдаленные осложнения (23%) связаны с реакцией желчного пузыря, развиваются спустя несколько месяцев, при этом бессимптомны и не требуют коррекции. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemoembolization, microsphere, liver metastasis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химиоэмболизация, микросфера, метастаз печени, гепатоцеллюлярный рак, холангиокарцинома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of Oncologists of Russia, Interdisciplinary Society of Specialists in Liver Tumors, All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Society of Clinical Oncology", All-Russian Public Organization for the Promotion of Radiation Diagnostics and Therapy "Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists". Liver cancer (hepatocellular). 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