<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-478X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-143X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1826</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2070-478X-2025-18-2-131-160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review of literature</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Blunt Liver Injury: from Non-Operative Management to Transplantation. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Part II: Secondary Control Points</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Закрытая травма печени: от неоперативного ведения до трансплантации. Систематический обзор и мета-анализ. Часть II: вторичные контрольные точки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Василий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor at the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>79178304989@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maskin</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маскин</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>maskins@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matyukhin</surname><given-names>Victor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матюхин</surname><given-names>Виктор Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor at the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>victor.matyukhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovin</surname><given-names>Alexander Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровин</surname><given-names>Александр Яковлевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor at the Department of Faculty and Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской и госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>kuman52@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sigaev</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сигаев</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Applicant at the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>sersigaeff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryulev</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюлев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Applicant at the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>Kotovo111083@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasheed</surname><given-names>Azad</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рашид</surname><given-names>Азад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Applicant at the Department of Hospital Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p></bio><email>azad92rasheed@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Alexandrov V.V., Maskin S.S., Matyukhin V.V., Korovin A.Y., Sigaev S.M., Biryulev D.S., Rasheed A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Александров В.В., Маскин С.С., Матюхин В.В., Коровин А.Я., Сигаев С.М., Бирюлев Д.С., Рашид А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexandrov V.V., Maskin S.S., Matyukhin V.V., Korovin A.Y., Sigaev S.M., Biryulev D.S., Rasheed A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александров В.В., Маскин С.С., Матюхин В.В., Коровин А.Я., Сигаев С.М., Бирюлев Д.С., Рашид А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-07-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1826">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/1826</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>High incidence of blunt liver injuries, a large number of postoperative complications dictate the need to find optimal treatment options for patients’ management.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to compare various treatment options for patients with blunt liver injury.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>A systematic search for non-randomized studies was conducted from October 1, 2015, a systematic search for randomized studies were conducted without time restrictions, up to February 29, 2024.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>There is a clear trend towards non-operative management of hemodynamically stable or stabilized patients, supplemented by angioembolization if necessary.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>More adequately-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to specify the treatment approach for patients with liver injuries.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Высокая частота встречаемости закрытых повреждений печени, большое число послеоперационных осложнений диктуют необходимость поиска оптимальных вариантов лечения пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Провести систематический обзор литературы и мета-анализ по сравнительной оценке различных вариантов лечения пациентов с закрытой травмой печени.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Систематический поиск нерандомизированных исследований проведен с 01 октября 2015 г., а рандомизированных – без временных ограничений, по 29 февраля 2024 г.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Просматривается отчетливая тенденция к неоперативному ведению гемодинамически стабильных или стабилизированных пациентов, при необходимости дополненного ангиоэмболизацией.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Требуется большее количество хорошо спланированных рандомизированных клинических исследований для конкретизации лечебного подхода к пострадавшим с повреждениями печени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blunt liver injury</kwd><kwd>liver tamponade</kwd><kwd>endovascular surgery</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of liver injuries</kwd><kwd>angioembolization</kwd><kwd>non-operative treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>закрытая травма печени</kwd><kwd>тампонада печени</kwd><kwd>эндоваскулярная хирургия</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение травм печени</kwd><kwd>ангиоэмболизация</kwd><kwd>неоперативное лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kagoura M, Monden K, Sadamori H, Hioki M, Ohno S, Takakura N. Outcomes and management of delayed complication after severe blunt liver injury. BMC Surg. 2022 Jun 22;22(1):241. PMID: 35733106; PMCID: PMC9219165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-022-01691-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov VV, Markevich VYu, Goncharov AV, Pichugin AA, Myasnikov NI, Petukhov KV, Kuraev PI, Nosov AM, Kaznacheev MV, Skakunova TYu. Differentiated surgical tactics for abdominal trauma, accompanied by damage to the liver and spleen. Military Medical Journal. 2021; 342(9):50-57. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52424/00269050_2021_342_9_50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суворов В.В., Маркевич В.Ю., Гончаров А.В., Пичугин А.А., Мясников Н.И., Петухов К.В., Кураев П.И., Носов А.М., Казначеев М.В., Скакунова Т.Ю. Дифференцированная хирургическая тактика при травме живота, сопровождающейся повреждением печени и селезенки. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2021;342(9):50-57. https://doi.org/10.52424/00269050_2021_342_9_50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masljakov VV, Barsukov VG, Cherednik AA. Immediate results of treatment of closed liver injuries resulting from road traffic accidents. Bulletin of the medical Institute "REAVIZ": rehabilitation, doctor and health. 2016;4(24):45-51. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масляков В.В., Барсуков В.Г., Чередник А.А. Непосредственные результаты лечения закрытых травм печени, полученных вследствие дорожно-транспортных проишествий. Вестник медицинского института "РЕАВИЗ": реабилитация, врач и здоровье. 2016;4(24):45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Afifi I, Abayazeed S, El-Menyar A, Abdelrahman H, Peralta R, Al-Thani H. Blunt liver trauma: a descriptive analysis from a level I trauma center. BMC Surg. 2018 Jun 19;18(1):42. PMID: 29914487; PMCID: PMC6006727. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-018-0369-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Matsushima K, Hogen R, Piccinini A, Biswas S, Khor D, Delapena S, Strumwasser A, Inaba K, Demetriades D. Adjunctive use of hepatic angioembolization following hemorrhage control laparotomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 May;88(5):636-643 PMID: 31977997. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002591</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Boonsinsukh T, Maroongroge P. Effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization for patients with shock from abdominopelvic trauma: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020 May 16;55:97-100. PMID: 32477504; PMCID: PMC7248579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maskin SS, Ermolaeva NK, Aleksandrov VV, Matyukhin VV. Combined blunt abdominal injury: standardization of the therapeutic and diagnostic approach from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine: Monograph. Volgograd: Publishing House of VolgSMU, 2021. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маскин С.С., Ермолаева Н.К., Александров В.В., Матюхин В.В. Сочетанная закрытая травма живота: стандартизация лечебно-диагностического подхода с позиций доказательной медицины: Монография. Волгоград: Изд-во ВолгГМУ, 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Virdis F, Reccia I, Di Saverio S, Tugnoli G, Kwan SH, Kumar J, Atzeni J, Podda M. Clinical outcomes of primary arterial embolization in severe hepatic trauma: A systematic review. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2019 Feb;100(2):65-75. PMID: 30555019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2018.10.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maskin SS, Aleksandrov VV, Matyukhin VV, Ermolaeva NK. Blunt liver injuries: the algorithm of surgeon's actions in a first-level trauma center. Polytrauma. 2020;2:84-91. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24411/1819-1495-2020-10024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маскин С.С., Александров В.В., Матюхин В.В., Ермолаева Н.К. Закрытые повреждения печени: алгоритм действий хирурга в условиях травмоцентра i уровня. Политравма/Polytrauma. 2020;2:84-91. https://doi.org/10.24411/1819-1495-2020-10024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchegolev AA, Al Sabunchi OA, Tovmasyan RS, Muradyan TG, Kogan MA, Sheikhov TG. Blunt abdominal trauma: surgeon's tactics for liver and spleen injuries. Moscow medicine. 2016; S1(12): 211. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щеголев А.А., Аль Сабунчи О.А., Товмасян Р.С., Мурадян Т.Г., Коган М.А., Шейхов Т.Г Закрытая абдоминальная травма: тактика хирурга при повреждениях печени и селезенки. Московская медицина. 2016; S1(12): 211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabunin AV, Bedin VV, Grekov DN, Tavobilov MM, Curkan VA, Drozdov PA. Differentiated approach in the treatment of patients with liver damage in abdominal trauma. Moscow Surgical Journal. 2016;4(50):60-64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шабунин А.В., Бедин В.В., Греков Д.Н., Тавобилов М.М., Цуркан В.А., Дроздов П.А. Дифференцированный подход в лечении больных с повреждением печени при абдоминальной травме. Московский хирургический журнал. 2016;4(50):60-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov VV, Maskin SS, Ermolayeva NK, Matyukhin VV. Non-Operative Management of Blunt Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Solid Organs Trauma, of Retroperitoneal Hemorrage — Indications, Methodology and Necessity. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 2021;10(3):540–548. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-3-540-548</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров В.В., Маскин С.С., Ермолаева Н.К., Матюхин В.В. Консервативное ведение пациентов с закрытой травмой паренхиматозных органов брюшной полости и забрюшинного пространства, с забрюшинными кровоизлияниями — показания, методика и целесообразность. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского Неотложная медицинская помощь. 2021;10(3):540–548. https://doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-3-540-548</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Coccolini F, Coimbra R, Ordonez C, Kluger Y, Vega F, Moore EE, Biffl W, Peitzman A, Horer T, Abu-Zidan FM, Sartelli M, Fraga GP, Cicuttin E, Ansaloni L, Parra MW, Millán M, DeAngelis N, Inaba K, Velmahos G, Maier R, Khokha V, Sakakushev B, Augustin G, di Saverio S, Pikoulis E, Chirica M, Reva V, Leppaniemi A, Manchev V, Chiarugi M, Damaskos D, Weber D, Parry N, Demetrashvili Z, Civil I, Napolitano L, Corbella D, Catena F; WSES expert panel. Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Mar 30;15(1):24. PMID: 32228707; PMCID: PMC7106618. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00302-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Coccolini F, Catena F, Moore EE, Ivatury R, Biffl W, Peitzman A, Coimbra R, Rizoli S, Kluger Y, Abu-Zidan FM, Ceresoli M, Montori G, Sartelli M, Weber D, Fraga G, Naidoo N, Moore FA, Zanini N, Ansaloni L. WSES classification and guidelines for liver trauma. World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Oct 10;11:50. PMID: 27766112; PMCID: PMC5057434. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-016-0105-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogal ML, Smolyar AN, Dzhagraev KR. Treatment of closed liver injury. Trauma 2017: Multidisciplinary approach : Collection of abstracts of the International Conference, Moscow, 03-04 November 2017. Editorial board: AV Skoroglyadov [et al.]. – Moscow: Publishing and Printing Center "Scientific Book". 2017; 320-321. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогаль М.Л., Смоляр А.Н., Джаграев К.Р. Лечение закрытой травмы печени. Травма 2017: мультидисциплинарный подход : Сборник тезисов Международной конференции, Москва, 03–04 ноября 2017 года. Редколлегия: А.В. Скороглядов [и др.]. – Москва: Издательско-полиграфический центр "Научная книга". 2017; 320-321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta–analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89. PMID: 33781348. https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/ https://dzen.ru/a/Y_lFbVADETu2qqAz</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebrova OYu, Fediaeva VK. Meta-analyses and Assessment of Their Methodological Quality. Russian Version of AMSTAR Questionnaire. Meditsinskie tekhnologii. Otsenka i vybor. 2016; 1 (23): 10-16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реброва О. Ю., Федяева В. К. Мета-анализы и оценка их методологического качества. Русскоязычная версия вопросника AMSTAR. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2016; 1 (23): 10-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omelyanovsky VV, Sukhorukikh OA, Lukyantseva DV, Fedyaeva VK, Zhuravleva NI, Shabashov AE et al. Methodological recommendations for evaluating the scientific validity of information included in clinical recommendations. Moscow: 2019; 81. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_45660484_42509591.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Омельяновский В.В., Сухоруких О.А., Лукъянцева Д.В., Федяева В.К., Журавлева Н.И., Шабашов А.Е. и др. Методические рекомендации по проведению оценки научной обоснованности включаемой в клинические рекомендации информации. ФГБУ «ЦЭККМП» Минздрава России. Москва: 2019; 81. https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_45660484_42509591.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane Hand-book for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebrova OYu, Fediaeva VK. The Questionnaire to Assess the Risk of Systematic Bias in Non–Randomized Comparative Studies: the Russian–Language Version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meditsinskie tekhnologii. Otsenka i vybor. 2016; 3: 14–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реброва О.Ю., Федяева В.К. Вопросник для оценки риска систематических ошибок в нерандомизированных сравнительных исследованиях: русскоязычная версия шкалы Ньюкасл–Оттава. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2016; 3: 14–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Tarchouli M, Elabsi M, Njoumi N, Essarghini M, Echarrab M, Chkoff MR. Liver trauma: What current management? Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018 Feb;17(1):39-44. Epub 2018 Jan 31. PMID: 29428102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Barbier L, Calmels M, Lagadec M, Gauss T, Abback PS, Cauchy F, Ronot M, Soubrane O, Paugam-Burtz C. Can we refine the management of blunt liver trauma? J Visc Surg. 2019 Feb;156(1):23-29. Epub 2018 Apr 3. PMID: 29622405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2018.03.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Schembari E, Sofia M, Latteri S, Pesce A, Palumbo V, Mannino M, Russello D, La Greca G. Blunt liver trauma: effectiveness and evolution of non-operative management (NOM) in 145 consecutive cases. Updates Surg. 2020 Dec;72(4):1065-1071. Epub 2020 Aug 26. PMID: 32851597. https://10.1007/s13304-020-00861-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar V, Mishra B, Joshi MK, Purushothaman V, Agarwal H, Anwer M, Sagar S, Kumar S, Gupta A, Bagaria D, Choudhary N, Kumar A, Priyadarshini P, Soni KD, Aggarwal R. Early hospital discharge following non-operative management of blunt liver and splenic trauma: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Injury. 2021 Feb;52(2):260-265. Epub 2020 Oct 3. PMID: 33041017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.10.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Keizer AA, Arkenbosch JHC, Kong VY, Hoencamp R, Bruce JL, Smith MTD, Clarke DL. Blunt and Penetrating Liver Trauma have Similar Outcomes in the Modern Era. Scand J Surg. 2021 Jun;110(2):208-213. Epub 2020 Jul 21. PMID: 32693697. https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496920921649</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Sinha Y, Khajanchi MU, Prajapati RP, Dharap S, Soni KD, Kumar V, Mahindrakar S, Roy N. Management of liver trauma in urban university hospitals in India: an observational multicentre cohort study. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Oct 15;15(1):58. PMID: 33059728; PMCID: PMC7560107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00338-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Liagkos G, Spyropoulos C, Tsourouflis G, Papadopoulos A, Ioannides P, Vagianos C. Successful non-operative management of blunt abdominal trauma in highly selective cases: A safe and effective choice. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2018;24(2):104–109. PMID: 29569680. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2017.83404</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Küçükaslan H, Tayar S, Oğuz Ş, Topaloglu S, Geze Saatci S, Şenel AC, Calik A. The role of liver resection in the management of severe blunt liver trauma. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2022 Dec;29(1):122-129. PMID: 36588513; PMCID: PMC10198359. https://doi.org/10.14744/tjtes.2021.89678</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Fabian TC, Croce MA, Stanford GG, Payne LW, Mangiante EC, Voeller GR, Kudsk KA. Factors affecting morbidity following hepatic trauma. A prospective analysis of 482 injuries. Ann Surg. 1991 Jun;213(6):540-7; discussion 548. PMID: 2039284; PMCID: PMC1358571. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199106000-00003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Martellotto S, Melot C, Raux M, Chereau N, Menegaux F. Depacked patients who underwent a shortened perihepatic packing for severe blunt liver trauma have a high survival rate: 20 years of experience in a level I trauma center. Surgeon. 2022 Jun;20(3):e20-e25. Epub 2021 Jun 18. PMID: 34154925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2021.04.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Tamura S, Maruhashi T, Kashimi F, Kurihara Y, Masuda T, Hanajima T, Kataoka Y, Asari Y. Transcatheter arterial embolization for severe blunt liver injury in hemodynamically unstable patients: a 15-year retrospective study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021 Jul 14;29(1):66. PMID: 34256826; PMCID: PMC8278697. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00881-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charyshkin AL, Gafiullov MR, Demin VP. The results of the diagnosis of posttraumatic hepatitis in patients with closed liver injury. Modern problems of science and education. 2016;2;131. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чарышкин А.Л., Гафиуллов М.Р., Демин В.П. Результаты диагностики посттравматического гепатита у больных с закрытыми повреждениями печени. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2016;2;131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Segalini E, Morello A, Leati G, Di Saverio S, Aseni P. Primary angioembolization in liver trauma: major hepatic necrosis as a severe complication of a minimally invasive treatment-a narrative review. Updates Surg. 2022 Oct;74(5):1511-1519. Epub 2022 Sep 4. PMID: 36059024; PMCID: PMC9481502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-022-01372-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Virdis F, Podda M, Di Saverio S, Kumar J, Bini R, Pilasi C, Reccia I. Clinical outcomes of non-operative management and clinical observation in non-angioembolised hepatic trauma: A systematic review of the literature. Chin J Traumatol. 2022 Sep;25(5):257-263. Epub 2022 Apr 13. PMID: 35487854; PMCID: PMC9458985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.04.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Ruscelli P, Gemini A, Rimini M, Santella S, Candelari R, Rosati M, Paci E, Marconi V, Renzi C, Commissari R, Cirocchi R, Santoro A, D'Andrea V, Parisi A. The role of grade of injury in non-operative management of blunt hepatic and splenic trauma: Case series from a multicenter experience. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(35):e16746. PMID: 31464904; PMCID: PMC6736468. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016746</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Gaski IA, Skattum J, Brooks A, Koyama T, Eken T, Naess PA, Gaarder C. Decreased mortality, laparotomy, and embolization rates for liver injuries during a 13-year period in a major Scandinavian trauma center. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2018 Nov 5;3(1):e000205. PMID: 30539153; PMCID: PMC6242012. https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2018-000205</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Festa P, Mottola A, Acampora C, Corvino F, Del Giudice S, Lanza M, Armellino M, Niola R, Romano L, Castriconi M, De Palma M, Noschese G. Non-Operative Management of Blunt Liver Trauma: Safety, Efficacy and Complications of a Standardized Treatment Protocol. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2019 Jan;7(1):49-54. PMID: 30719466; PMCID: PMC6360015. https://doi.org/10.29252/beat-070107</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Chehab M, Afaneh A, Bible L, Castanon L, Hanna K, Ditillo M, Khurrum M, Asmar S, Joseph B. Angioembolization in intra-abdominal solid organ injury: Does delay in angioembolization affect outcomes? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Oct;89(4):723-729. PMID: 33017133. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002851</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Saqib Y. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury. Surgeon. 2020 Jun;18(3):165-177. PMID: 31399317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2019.07.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Fernandes GS, Martins MC, Gomes HL. Experience of non-operative management of blunt liver trauma at Hospital das Clínicas de Uberlândia: 114 cases. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2023 Mar 10;50:e20233424. PMID: 36921133; PMCID: PMC10519691. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20233424-en</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>She WH, Cheung TT, Dai WC, Tsang SH, Chan AC, Tong DK, Leung GK, Lo CM. Outcome analysis of management of liver trauma: A 10-year experience at a trauma center. World J Hepatol. 2016 May 28;8(15):644-8. PMID: 27239257; PMCID: PMC4876292. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i15.644</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Saleh AF, Al Sageer E, Elheny A. Management of Liver Trauma in Minia University Hospital, Egypt. Indian J Surg. 2016 Dec;78(6):442-447. PMID: 28100939; PMCID: PMC5218928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-015-1393-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Yadav SK, Kumar S, Misra MC, Sagar S, Bansal VK. Retrospective Evaluation of Magnitude, Severity and Outcome of Traumatic Hepatobiliary Injury at a Level-I Trauma Center in India. Indian J Surg. 2016 Aug;78(4):281-7. PMID: 27574345; PMCID: PMC4987553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-015-1356-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Xu H, Jie L, Kejian S, Xiaojun H, Chengli L, Hongyi Z, Yalin K. Selective Angiographic Embolization of Blunt Hepatic Trauma Reduces Failure Rate of Nonoperative Therapy and Incidence of Post-Traumatic Complications. Med Sci Monit. 2017 Nov 20;23:5522-5533. PMID: 29155699; PMCID: PMC5706383. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.905115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Inukai K, Uehara S, Furuta Y, Miura M. Nonoperative management of blunt liver injury in hemodynamically stable versus unstable patients: a retrospective study. Emerg Radiol. 2018 Dec;25(6):647-652. PMID: 30022309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-018-1627-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Morell-Hofert D, Primavesi F, Fodor M, Gassner E, Kranebitter V, Braunwarth E, Haselbacher M, Nitsche UP, Schmid S, Blauth M, Öfner D, Stättner S. Validation of the revised 2018 AAST-OIS classification and the CT severity index for prediction of operative management and survival in patients with blunt spleen and liver injuries. Eur Radiol. 2020 Dec;30(12):6570-6581. PMID: 32696255; PMCID: PMC7599164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07061-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Samuels JM, Carmichael H, Kovar A, Urban S, Vega S, Velopulos C, McIntyre RC Jr. Reevaluation of Hepatic Angioembolization for Trauma in Stable Patients: Weighing the Risk. J Am Coll Surg. 2020 Jul;231(1):123-131.e3. PMID: 32422347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Samuels JM, Urban S, Peltz E, Schroeppel T, Heise H, Dorlac WC, Britton LJ, Burlew CC, Robinson C, Swope ML, McIntyre RC Jr. A modern, multicenter evaluation of hepatic angioembolization - Complications and readmissions persist. Am J Surg. 2020 Jan;219(1):117-122. PMID: 31272677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.06.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karsanov AM, Maskin SS, Aleksandrov VV, Matyukhin VV. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of laparoscopic and robotic technologies in blunt abdominal trauma (systematic review of the literature). Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2022;181(4):88–97. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-4-88-97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карсанов А. М., Маскин С. С., Александров В. В., Матюхин В. В. Диагностические и лечебные возможности лапароскопических и роботизированных технологий при закрытой травме живота (систематический обзор литературы). Вестник хирургии имени И. И. Грекова. 2022;181(4):88–97. https://doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-4-88-97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Karachentsev S. Blunt trauma to abdominal solid organs: an experience of non-operative management at a rural hospital in Zambia. Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Jan 27;38:89. PMID: 33889255; PMCID: PMC8033190. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.38.89.20061</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Chu M, How N, Laviolette A, Bilic M, Tang J, Khalid M, Bos C, Rice TJ, Engels PT. Delayed laparoscopic peritoneal washout in non-operative management of blunt abdominal trauma: a scoping review. World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Jul 2;17(1):37. PMID: 35780121; PMCID: PMC9250192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-022-00441-z</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
