<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-478X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-143X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">55</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2070-478X-2014-7-1-47-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Criteria of Instability and Their Influence on Clinical and Radiological Parameters of the Distal Radius</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Критерии нестабильности и их влияние на клинико–рентгенометри- ческие показатели при переломах дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Семенкин</surname><given-names>О.М.</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, associate Professor of the chair of traumatology, orthopedics and poly-clinical surgery Samara state medical University.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и поли-клинической хирургии Самарский государственный медицинский университет.</p></bio><email>author@vestnik-surgery.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Измалков</surname><given-names>С.Н.</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, head of chair of traumatology, Orthopaedics outpatient surgery, and teachers of the Samara state medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и поликлинической хирургии ИПО Самарский государственный медицинский университет</p></bio><email>author@vestnik-surgery.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Нефедов</surname><given-names>С.А.</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD., associate Professor of physics of solid and non-equilibrium systems Samara state University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., доцент кафедры физики твердого тела и неравновесных систем Самарский государственный университет</p></bio><email>author@vestnik-surgery.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaia Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation&#13;
M.I. Kalinin Regional hospital, 159 Tashkentskaia Str., Samara, 443095, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, Самара, 443099, Россий- ская Федерация Областная клиническая больница имени М.И. Калинина, ул. Ташкентская, д. 159, Самара, 443095, Рос- сийская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaia Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, Самара, 443099, Россий- ская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State University, 1 Akademika Pavlova Str., Samara, 443011, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный университет, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 1, Самара, 443011, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, ., ., .</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Семенкин О., Измалков С., Нефедов С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">., ., .</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенкин О., Измалков С., Нефедов С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/55">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/55</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study To examined the clinical and radiological (X-ray) parameters of the distal radius with different types of its damages and on this basis to develop and prove the diagnostic value of essentially new fracture instability criteria. Material and methods Clinical and radiological (X-ray) parameters (CRP) of the malunited distal radius (DR) in 129 patients were analysed. Two new criteria of instability (СI) were proposed. A basic significance test was carried out to prove the influence of the Instability Criterion (IC) on Clinical X-ray Index (CXI). Statistical null hypothesis was formulated as follows: “CXI mean value is the same regardless of the IC presence”. Thus, the alternative hypothesis meant that the influence does exist. Twelve twotailed tests were carried out (two IC for six CXIs) using Student’s t-distribution with 127 degrees of freedom for 95% confidence level. Every sampling from population of 129 patients could be certainly normalized. Results and their discussion It is established that the criterion of instability CI–A influences signifi-cantly on radial displacement (RD) of the distal fragment of the distal radius: in the presence of this criterion RD was 4,63 mm and in its absence – 1,19 mm. CI–B influences on the radio–ulnar index (RUI) – 5,23 mm and 3,76 mm accordingly; radial displacement (RD) – 2,88 mm and 1,84 mm accordingly and active room of motion (ROM) of the wrist – 47,38 % accordingly – in the presence of criterion and 53,48 % – in its absence. Conclusion The carried out research has confirmed efficiency of application of new criteria of instability in diagnostics of unstable fractures of the distal radius.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования Изучить клинико–рентгенометрические характеристики дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости при различных вариантах его повреждений и на этой основе разработать и обосновать диагностическую ценность принципиально новых критериев, достоверно свидетельствующих о нестабильности перелома. Материал и методы Были проанализированы клинико–рентгенометрические показатели (КРП) дистального метаэпи- физа лучевой кости (ДМЛК) при его неправильном сращении у 129 больных и предложены два новых критерия неста- бильности (КН). Для проверки влияния КН на КРП был проведен базовый тест на состоятельность гипотезы. Нулевую статистическую гипотезу формулировали: «Среднее значение КРП не зависит от наличия или отсутствия КН». Соот- ветственно, альтернативная гипотеза предполагала, что такое влияние все же существует. Было проведено двенад- цать двусторонних тестов (два КН для шести КРП) с использованием распределения Стьюдента со 127 степенями свободы для уровня значимости 95%. Каждая выборка из генеральной совокупности в 129 больных могла быть уверенно нормализована. Результаты и их обсуждение Установлено, что критерий нестабильности КН–А достоверно влияет на лучевое сме- щение дистального отломка (СМ): при наличии этого критерия СМ составил 4,63 мм, а при его отсутствии – 1,19 мм. КН–В влияет на лучелоктевой индекс (ЛЛИ) – соответственно 5,23 мм и 3,76 мм; лучевое смещение дистального отлом- ка (СМ) – соответственно – 2,88 мм и 1,84 мм и объем движений в кистевом суставе (ООД) – соответственно 47,38% – при наличии критерия и 53,48% – при его отсутствии. Выводы Проведенное исследование подтвердило эффективность применения новых критериев нестабильности в диа- гностике нестабильных переломов у больных с переломами дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Distal radius fractures</kwd><kwd>criteria of instability</kwd><kwd>clinical and radio-logical parameters</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Перелом дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости</kwd><kwd>критерии нестабильности</kwd><kwd>клинико–рентгенометрические параметры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Angarskаya E.G., Munkosargalov B.E. Osobennosti</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Pereloma Zapyast'ya.[The Features of</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Colles` Fractures.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Sibirskij medicinskij zhurnal. 2011; 106:7: 108-111.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>2. Sheleg A.V., Sheleg M. Y. Travmy distal'nogo</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>lucheloktevogo sustava i ih klassifikaciya. [The Injures of the Distal</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Radioulnar Joint and their Classification.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Yaroslavl. 2006; 55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>3. Golubev I.O., Maximov A.A., Shiriaeva G.N., Merkulov</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>M.V. et al. Hirurgicheskoe lechenie perelomov Malunited</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>v Distal'nom otdele luchevoj kosti na sovremennom ehtape.[The Surgical Treatment of Malunited Fractures</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>of the Distal Radius at the Present Stage.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Мoscow: PFUR, 2013; 46-47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>4. Kremer N.Sh. Teoriya i matematicheskaya</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>statistika: Uchebnoe posobie.[Probability Theory and Mathematical</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Statistics: Textbook.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Мoscow: IUNITI-DANA, 2002; 543.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>5. Malets V. L., Volotovski A. I.Rezul'taty hirurgicheskogo</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>lecheniya droblenogo pereloma distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti. [The Results of the Surgical</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Treatment of Comminuted Fractures of the Distal Radius.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Мoscow: PFUR. 2013;97-98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>6. Arora R., Gabl M., Gschwentner M., Deml C., Krappinger</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>D., Lutz M. Sravnitel'noe issledovanie klinicheskoj i rentgenologicheskoj</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Rezul'taty Nestabil'noe Colles Tip Perelomy distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>u pacientov starshe 70 let: konservativnoe lechenie[A Comparative Study of Clinical and Radiologic</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Outcomes of Unstable Colles Type Distal Radius Fractures</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>in Patients Older Than 70 Years: Nonoperative Treatment.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Trauma. 2009; 23:4: 237-242.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>7. Bentohami A., Bijlsma T. S., Goslings J. C., de Reuver</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>P., Kaufmann L., Schep N. W. L. Radiologicheskoe snizhenie ehkstra-sustavnyh kriteriev distal'noj luchevoj kosti ne yavlyayutsya prognosticheskimi dlya pacienta.[Radiological criteria reduction of extra-articular distal radial fractures are not predictive for patient.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>J. Hand Surg. Eur. 2013. 38: 5: 524-529.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>8. Bronstein A.J., Trumble T.E. Tencer A.F. Posledstviya</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>pereloma luchevoj kosti nepravil'noe polozhenie na predplech'e vrashcheniya: est'</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>issledovanie trupnoj.[The effects of</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>distal radius fracture malalignment on forearm rotation: a</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>cadaveric study].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>J. Hand Surg. (Am). 1997; 22: 258-262.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>9. Fernandez D.L., Jupiter J.B. Perelomy distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Prakticheskij podhod k upravleniyu.[Fractures of the distal radius.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>A practical approach to management. ]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Springer, Berlin –</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Heidelberg – New York, 1996; 115-117.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>10. Finsen V., Rod O., Rød K., Rajabi B., Alm–Paulsen P.C.,</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Russwurm HH.Vzaimosvyaz' mezhdu peremeshcheniem</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>i klinicheskim iskhodom posle pereloma distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti. [The relationship between displacement</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>and clinical outcome after distal radius (Colles`) fracture.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>J.Hand Surg (E). 2012; 38E: 2: 116-126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>11. Jakob M., Mielke S., Keller H., Metzger U.Rezul'taty v osnovnom konservativnogo uhoda</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>distal'nye perelomy radiusa u pacientov v vozraste starshe</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>65 let.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>[Results mainly conservative care</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>distal radius fractures in patients over the age of</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>65.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Chirurgie. 1999; 31: 241-245.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>12. Lafontaine M., Hardy D., Delince P.H.Ocenka stabil'nosti</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>distal'nyh perelomov luchevoj kosti. [Stability assessment</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>of distal radius fractures.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Injury. 1989; 20: 208-210.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>13. Lawson B., Makhni M., Kuo P. et al. Predskazateli Vtorichnyj</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Ob"em dvigatelya v Operativno i Non-Operativno</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Upravlyaemye distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti Perelomy. Ezhegodnoe sobranie</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Amerikanskaya akademiya hirurgov-ortopedov: Trudy.[Predictors of Secondary</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Displacement in Operatively and Non–Operatively</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Managed Distal Radius Fractures. Annual Meeting of</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Proceedings.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>San Francisco. 2012; 119: 780–781.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>14. Makhni E.C. Vtorichnoe smeshchenie distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>perelomov u zhenshchin. Ezhegodnoe sobranie Amerikanskoj akademii</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>hirurgov-ortopedov (Trudy).[Secondary displacement of distal radius</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>fractures in women. Annual Meeting of American Academy</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>of Orthopaedic Surgeons (Proceedings).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>San Francisco. 2008; 541.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>15. McQueen M., Caspers J. Perelom luchevoj kosti: tut</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Anatomicheskie rezul'tate vliyaet na konechnyj rezul'tat?[Colles Fracture: Does the</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Anatomical Result Affect the final Result? J.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Bone Joint</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Surg. (Br). 1988; 70: 649-651.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>16. Pilato G., Bini A., Bruno A., Sinigaglia A.Rezul'tat</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Lechenie distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti nepravil'noe srastanie tkanej posle povrezhdeniya. [Results in</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Treatment of Distal Radius Malunion.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Meran. 2004; A009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>17. Saito T., Nakamura T., Nagura T., Nishiwaki M., Sato K.,</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Toyama Y.Effekty dorsal'no uglami distal'nogo otdela luchevoj kosti</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Perelomy distal'nogo lucheloktevogo stabil'nosti sustava: biomekhanicheskij</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>izuchenie. [The effects of dorsally angulated distal radius</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>fractures on distal radioulnar joint stability: a biomechanical</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>study.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>J. Hand Surg. Eur. 2013; 8: 1-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>18. Schneiders W., Biewener A., Rammelt S., Rein S., Zwipp</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>H., Amlang M.Distal'nyj perelom radiusa: korrelyaciya</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>mezhdu radiologicheskim i funkcional'nym. Rezul'tat.[ Die distale Radiusfraktur: Korrelation</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>zwischen radiologischem und funktionellem. Ergebnis.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>2006; 109: 837-844.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>19. Slutsky D.J. Principy i praktika hirurgii kisti. [Principles and Practice of Wrist Surgery.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Elsevier. 2010; 720 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>20. Van der Linden W., Ericson R. Perelom zapyast'ya.Kak</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>sleduet ee smeshchenie izmerit' i kak ono dolzhno byt'</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>obezdvizhen.[Colles` fracture. How</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>should its displacement be measured and how should it be</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B101"><label>101.</label><mixed-citation>immobilized.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B102"><label>102.</label><mixed-citation>J. Bone Joint Surg. 1981; 63-A: 1285-1288.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B103"><label>103.</label><mixed-citation>21. Villar R.N., Marsh D., Rushton N., Greatorex R.A. Tri goda posle pereloma zapyast'ya. Perspektivnyj obzor.[Three</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B104"><label>104.</label><mixed-citation>years after Colles` fracture. A prospective review.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B105"><label>105.</label><mixed-citation>J. Bone Joint Surg. (Br). 1987; 69: 635-638.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
