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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-478X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-143X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">839</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2070-478X-2016-9-1-63-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modeling and Experimental Study of Polytrauma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моделирование и исследование политравмы в эксперименте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapkin</surname><given-names>Y. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапкин</surname><given-names>Юрий Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, professor, head of chair of general surgery, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии Саратовского ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского.</p></bio><email>seliwerstov.pl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстов</surname><given-names>Павел Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of medical science, assistant of chair of general surgery, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры общей хирургии, Саратовского ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского.</p></bio><email>seliwerstov.pl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky </institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского </institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-11-15"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-11-17"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Shapkin Y.G., Seliverstov P.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Шапкин Ю.Г., Селиверстов П.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shapkin Y.G., Seliverstov P.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шапкин Ю.Г., Селиверстов П.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/839">https://vestnik-surgery.com/journal/article/view/839</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern experimental models of combinations of polytrauma reproduce the most common and clinically significant damage to thehead, chest, abdomen, extremities, and mimic the complex pathological processes that occur in patients with severe multiple trauma.Standard models polytrauma animals allow experiments with accurate repeatability of the results and explain the variability of manyof the clinical data. Meanwhile, experimental modeling polytrauma has a number of limitations associated with animal speciesdifferences, artificial reproduction damage, assessed the influence of anesthesia on the physiological indicators. The possibilities ofstudying late posttraumatic period in the experiment limits the short duration of observation of the animals in most studies.Experimental studies have focused on the study of polytrauma local and systemic inflammatory reactions, coagulopathy, metabolicdisorders caused by shock, multiple organ dysfunction of the mechanisms of development and post-traumatic complications. Playingin different groups of animals isolated and different variants of combined injuries allows you to set the pathogenetic significanceof each individual injury and to determine the mechanisms of their mutual influences in polytrauma. In an experiment carried outtesting and comparing the effectiveness of therapies, assessment of the impact of different surgical procedures on the physiologicaland morphological parameters in polytrauma.Key words polytrauma, multiple trauma, experimental model, inflammatory response, multiple organ failure, shock, coagulopathy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассмотрены основные направления и принципы экспериментального исследования политравмы на моделях уживотных.Современные экспериментальные модели политравмы воспроизводят сочетания наиболее часто встречающихся и клини-чески значимых повреждений головы, груди, живота, конечностей и имитируют сложные патологические процессы, раз-вивающиеся у пациентов с тяжелой множественной травмой. Стандартные модели политравмы у животных позволяютпроводить эксперименты с достоверной повторяемостью результатов и объяснить изменчивость многих клиническихданных. Между тем, экспериментальное моделирование политравмы имеет ряд ограничений, связанных с межвидовымиразличиями животных, искусственностью воспроизведения повреждений, влиянием анестезии на оцениваемые физиологи-ческие показатели. Возможности изучения позднего посттравматического периода в эксперименте ограничивает малаядлительность наблюдения за животными в большинстве исследований.Экспериментальные исследования политравмы сосредоточены на изучении местных и системных воспалительных ре-акций, коагулопатии, метаболических нарушений, вызываемых шоком, механизмов развития полиорганной дисфункциии посттравматических осложнений. Воспроизведение у разных групп животных изолированных и различных вариантовсочетанных травм позволяет установить патогенетическую значимость каждого отдельного повреждения, а такжеопределить механизмы их взаимовлияний при политравме. В эксперименте проводится апробация и сравнение эффектив-ности методов терапии, оценка влияния различных оперативных вмешательств на физиологические и морфологическиепоказатели при политравме.Ключевые слова политравма, множественная травма, экспериментальная модель, воспалительный ответ, полиорганнаянедостаточность, шок, коагулопатия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polytrauma, multiple trauma, experimental model, inflammatory response, multiple organ failure, shock, coagulopathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политравма, множественная травма, экспериментальная модель, воспалительный ответ, полиорганная недостаточность, шок, коагулопатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Boyko V.V., Zamyatin P.N. red. Politravma. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachey. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop., t. 1. Khar'kov: Faktor [Polytrauma. Guidelines for doctors. 2nd., vol. 1. 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