Vol 15, No 1 (2022)

The aim of research was to study proper results of laparoscopic anterior rectal resection using intraoperative measures to prevent failure of hardware colorectal anastomoses in patients with rectal tumor.
Material and methods. Out of 68 patients included in the study, colorectal anastomotic leakage occurred clinically only in 2 cases (2.9%, class A and B) and required no further surgical interventions. When evaluating the risk of colorectal anastomosis failure in each specific case, it is necessary to consider pre- and intraoperative risk factors. Formation of colorectal anastomosis with one angular end of the rectal stump followed by immersion; additional strengthening of the anastomosis zone with interrupted serous-muscular sutures; adequate drainage of the pelvic cavity (the most effective - transperineal presacral) are intraoperative methods that reduce the risk of failed hardware colorectal anastomoses.
Results. Out of 68 operated patients, colorectal anastomosis failure occurred clinically only in 2 cases (2.9%, class A and B) and did not require repeated surgical intervention. When assessing the risk of colorectal anastomosis failure in each specific case, it is necessary to take into account pre-and intraoperative risk factors. Formation of a colorectal anastomosis with one angular end of the rectal stump, followed by its immersion; additional strengthening of the anastomosis zone with nodular serous-muscular sutures; adequate drainage of the pelvic cavity (most effectively - trans-interventional presacral) - intraoperative methods that reduce the risk of failure of hardware colorectal anastomoses.
Conclusion. Reasonable doubts in the intraoperative evaluation of the blood supply to the end section of the descending colon, viability of the colorectal anastomosis, presence of 3 or more risk factors, low position of anastomosis (less than 10 cm from the outer end of the anal canal) indicate the necessity to form preventive transversostomy.

Introduction. Currently, there are absolute and relative indications for splenectomy in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer.
The aim of the study was to improve clinical outcomes of treatment in patients with gastric cancer identifying risks associated with splenectomy, and developing options to correct them.
Methods. The study included clinical findings and parameters of the quality of life of 380 patients with gastric cancer who were treated at the Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital in 2013-2019. All patients were conventionally divided into 2 groups. The patients of the first group (study group, 172 people) underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, including splenectomy. The patients of the second group (comparison group, 208 people) underwent spleen-preserving gastrectomy with dissection of lymph node groups 10 and 11. The average follow-up was 39.6 months. In the postoperative period, all patients were examined according to the Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Federation. The SF-36, GSRS questionnaires were used to assess quality of life.
Results. Splenectomy increased the incidence of early postoperative complications, including severe complications grades 3 - 5 according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, contributed to the development of reflux esophagitis and, in general, a worsen quality of life in the late postoperative period, but did not affect the patients’ survival.
Conclusion. The data obtained evidence a significantly worse and generally unfavorable safety profile of patients undergoing splenectomy compared to patients who underwent spleen-preserving gastrectomy. Reduced indications for splenectomy appear to be the option to solve this problem. Measures for correction of postoperative complications have been developed for patients with absolute indications for splenectomy.

Introduction. Lactation mastitis can complicate the course of the postpartum period in every tenth case. Under lactation abscess, the tactic of performing wide incisions to drain the breast abscess and complete lactation by medications is common. International studies report that the treatment of lactational purulent mastitis complicated by an abscess is possible in a minimally invasive way - by puncture or drainage of an abscess under ultrasound navigation. The current trend in the treatment of lactational breast abscess also includes preservation of breastfeeding.
The aim of the study was to develop a modern approach to the complex treatment of purulent lactation mastitis.
Materials and methods. We treated 64 breast abscesses that were complications of lactation mastitis with minimally invasive methods in 2018-2020. Most of the patients preserved lactation.
Results and discussion. The average age of patients was 24.9 years. In the first group of patients (puncture techniques for treating abscesses), the diameter was 24 mm on average, in the second group (drainage technique for treating abscesses) the diameter was 53 mm on average. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. The average score of the severity of pain syndrome was 4.4 points on the day of surgery. The average duration of drainage was 4.4 days. None of patients had a relapse of the disease or formation of a chronic fistula within 2 months followed by the operation. No negative evaluation of satisfaction with the cosmetic result was received. Breastfeeding continued in 78-87.5% of patients after surgery.
Conclusion. Minimally invasive surgical techniques in the treatment of breast abscesses (punctures and drainage under ultrasound navigation) are the operations of choice. The optimal treatment of lactation mastitis complicated by a breast abscess, in addition to surgical treatment, includes effective expression of breast milk, administration of antibacterial drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and preservation of breastfeeding.

Introduction. Enterostomy remains a relevant option of staged treatment of small intestine diseases in children. T-anastomosis with stoma (Bishop-Koop) and double-barreled enterostomy with compression anastomosis (Mikulicz) are among the most widely accepted ones. Disadvantages of compression anastomosis can be eliminated by using a NiTi-clip with shape memory.
The aim of the study was to perform an experimental study to detect effectiveness and advantages of NiTi-clip application in formation of a compression anastomosis in a double-barreled enterostomy compared with manual T-anastomosis.
Methods. The study included 24 rabbits of the "Serebristyi" breed, aged 2.5-3 months, weighed 2790-3100 g; they were divided into two equal groups. Autopsy was performed in 10, 14, 21 days with pneumopression and histological examination. Differences were considered statistically significant at p-value <0.05.
Results. The duration of the Mikulicz operation (group A) was significantly shorter than that of Bishop-Koop`s (group B) (p = 0.000). Significant differences in weight were found in 14. 21 days, with a predominance in group A (p = 0.029). Complications included wound suppuration, eventration, peritonitis, evagination, dermatitis, and anastomotic leakage. In 10 days, compression anastomosis had a lower anastamotic pressure, but in 21 days, it was more stabile than in manual anastomosis (p = 0.019). In 14 days, inflammatory changes in the mucosa with fibrosis in the muscle layers and lesions were detected in the area of ​​manual anastomosis, they were accompanied by inflammation around sutures. In 21 days, fibrotic changes spread in all layers. Proliferation prevailed over inflammation in the area of ​​the compression anastomosis.
Conclusions. Double-barreled stoma formation with NiTi-clip application took less time than T-anastomosis. Animals with a double-barreled stoma and compression anastomosis had a larger weight gain. Compression anastomosis with NiTi-clip in the stoma was stabile than manual anastomosis. With compression anastomosis, layer-by-layer regeneration from serous to mucous membrane occurs, healing occurred faster, with a predominance of proliferation processes, the risk of stenosis decreased. The use of NiTi-clip in the surgical treatment of children with double-barreled enterostomy can be recommended for practical use.

Foreign bodies entering the esophagus may result from rapid food intake, reduced sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in some neurological diseases, under mental illness, in individuals of certain professions. In 3-4% of cases, this results in perforations of the esophagus due to either presence of acute traumatic margins of the foreign body, or by a long-term presentation of a foreign body in the esophagus and, consequently, the development of a pressure injury. Considering the above, timely and complete diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment in the first hours after diagnosed esophageal perforation by a foreign body is a must.

The patient was admitted to the department of thoracic surgery with complaints of a foreign body in the throat, hypersalivation, subcutaneous emphysema of the neck. He felt sick 2 hours ago, when during sleep he had swallowed a denture. The patient was examined and diagnosed with a foreign body of the upper third of the esophagus with perforation. He was urgently administered: 1. fibroesophagoscopy + reduction of the foreign body in the stomach; 2. Left-sided colotomy, suturing of the upper thoracic esophagus, drainage of the prevertebral space; 3. Upper median laparotomy, gastrotomy, removal of a foreign body, gastrostomy according to Kader’s method. The patient was discharged with a gastrostomy from the hospital in a satisfactory condition, he was recommended follow-up observation by a local surgeon in the outpatient clinic. The gastrostomy was closed conservatively 3 weeks after the discharge. In 2 weeks after the closure of gastrostomy, the patient returned to a full life and working activity.

The main indication for surgical treatment in acute pancreatitis (AP) is infected necrosis in the late phase of the disease. However, some patients require surgery in the sterile stage including the earliest period. In sterile necrosis interventions are associated with the risk of infection and increased mortality, being the responsibility of a surgeon. Patients with biliary AP often require early interventions and specific tactic regarding the pathology of the biliary tract. The review analyses recent studies and modern practical recommendations on the surgical treatment of patients with AP in the sterile stage and in biliary etiology. Obstruction of bile duct and cholangitis, enzymatic peritonitis, abdominal compartment syndrome caused by ineffective conservative measures, massive pancreatogenic accumulations with the threat of a rupture into the abdominal cavity, pain syndrome, compression of the adjacent organs often resulted from the disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome require invasive interventions to prevent the development of infectious necrosis. A number of questions have an ambiguous solution. The threshold level of intra-abdominal pressure, the rate of its increase, or other apparent criteria for the implementation of surgical decompression and the choice of decompression technique for abdominal compartment syndrome have not been stated. The optimal timing and the priority method of drainage in the disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome remain uncertain. The management of patients with biliary acute pancreatitis regarding prophylactic endoscopic papillotomy is controversial. Further, well-designed research studies involving surgical treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis are needed.

The article reviews data from Russian and international literature highlighted the effect of microbial biofilms on the course of the wound process. The composition of biofilms of various microorganisms and their relations within the polysaccharide matrix are given in detail. The role of biofilms in the development of microorganism resistance to antibacterial therapy and prolongation of the inflammatory process is emphasized. It is evidenced that they cause transition of the acute phase of the wound process into the chronic one.

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